What share of physicians are integrated within hospital systems?

Healthcare Economist September 25, 2024
Jason Shafrin

This questions may be harder to answer than it may seem. While some physicians are fully independent, and others are full employees, other physicians can be affiliated with hospitals, without being hospital-employed.

There are various approaches for measuring whether a physician is integrated within a hospital system:

• Basic TIN-based measure. The standard approach to identifying whether a physician is integrated into a hospital is to examine whether that physicians billed exclusively or primarily using a a tax identification number (TIN) that belongs to a hospital or a health system that operates hospitals (aka a “hospital-related TIN”)–those that are are deemed to be integrated. This approach is useful but relies on a comprehensive set of hospital TINs; without a comprehensive...

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