STAT July 22, 2021
When the boy was brought to the San Diego emergency department one night last October, he was inconsolable. Within about half an hour, clinicians had a clue of what was wrong: A CT scan showed signs of disease in the 5-week-old’s brain.
There was another clue, too, but also a portent: A decade earlier, the parents’ infant daughter had presented with some of the same symptoms at around the same age, but never received a diagnosis. She developed seizures and died at 11 months.
All that pointed to a genetic condition. But those warning signs in the brain, called encephalopathy, could be caused by some 1,500 such diseases.
Just a few years ago, there would have been little doctors could...