Pulling Out the Rug on Informed Consent — New Legal Threats to Clinicians and Patients

NEJM February 1, 2025
Kristen Underhill, D.Phil., J.D., and Kimberly M. Nelson, Ph.D., M.P.H.

In recent years, state legislators in large portions of the United States have devised and enacted new legal strategies to limit access to health care for transgender people.¹ To date, 26 states have enacted outright bans on gender-affirming care, which thus far apply only to minors. Other state laws create financial or procedural obstacles to this type of care, such as bans on insurance coverage, requirements to obtain opinions from multiple clinicians, or consent protocols that are stricter than those for other health care.¹

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