Health Affairs June 28, 2024
Policy, law, and governance are integral to outbreak preparedness and response. Timely, holistic policy response can determine the outcome of an infectious disease outbreak, although decisive policy actions have historically been hampered by unclear governance tools, complicated enforcement mechanisms, and varying evidence for effective response. At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a dearth of information to support evidence-based decision making around physical distancing measures in almost every jurisdiction in the world. Where information did exist about best practices for governing the pandemic, it was either untested or tested more than 100 years ago during the 1918 influenza pandemic, or it involved policy options that had never been used at the scale necessary during COVID-19. This required public...