Is the future of AI in health care just a lot of hype?

Amid excitement over everything from Chat-GPT to Nobel Prize-winning chemistry research that uses artificial intelligence to predict protein structures, academics Arvind Narayan and Sayash Kapoor have established a reputation for throwing cold water on at least some of the claims about how AI will transform people’s lives.

Narayan, a professor of computer science at Princeton University, went viral in 2019 for a talk he gave at MIT on how to recognize overblown declarations about AI’s capabilities. Now...