Health Affairs September 26, 2025
Unmet health-related social needs (HRSN) undergird and often exacerbate poor health outcomes and quality of life. These critical health-influencing factors disproportionately impact members of marginalized and oppressed (minoritized) groups that make up well over one-third of the 35.5 million individuals living with kidney disease in the United States. For nearly four decades, racial, ethnic, gender-based, socioeconomic status, and geography-related health disparities have been documented in kidney care access and outcomes, optimal kidney replacement modalities, such as transplantation, and more. These disparities are harmful and costly to society, patients, care partners, and families of people with kidney disease, as well as their broader communities. Health disparities exacerbate excessive health care spending (for example, Medicare spending on rehospitalizations, disease complications, and dialysis-related...







