Health Equity in the Era of Large Language Models

AJMC March 5, 2025
Aaron A. Tierney, PhD, Mary E. Reed, DrPH

This article presents challenges and solutions regarding health care–focused large language models (LLMs) and summarizes key recommendations from major regulatory and governance bodies for LLM development, implementation, and maintenance.

ABSTRACT

This commentary presents a summary of 8 major regulations and guidelines that have direct implications for the equitable design, implementation, and maintenance of health care–focused large language models (LLMs) deployed in the US. We grouped key equity issues for LLMs into 3 domains: (1) linguistic and cultural bias, (2) accessibility and trust, and (3) oversight and quality control. Solutions shared by these regulations and guidelines are to (1) ensure diverse representation in training data and in teams that develop artificial intelligence (AI) tools, (2) develop techniques to evaluate AI-enabled health...

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